The Jewish Role in the Early Soviet Regime

From Robert Wilton's, "The Last Days of the Romanovs"

Published 1920 (American and British 1920 editions did not include this list), 1921, 1923, and 1993 by the Institute for Historical Review.

According to data furnished by the Soviet press, out of 556 important functionaries of the Bolshevik state, in 1918-19 there were 17 Russians, two Ukrainians, eleven Armenians, 35 Latvians, 15 Germans, one Hungarian, ten Georgians, three Poles, three Finns, one Czech, one Karaim, and 457 Jews.

MinistryNameNationality
ChairmanV.I. Ulyanov (in actuality, part Jewish)Russian
Foreign AffairsG.V. ChicherinGeorgian
NationalitiesJ. Dzhugashvili (Stalin)Georgian
AgricultureProtianArmenian
Economic CouncilLourie (Larin)Jew
Food SupplyA.G. SchlikhterJew
Army and NavyL.D. Bronstein (Trotski)Jew
State ControlK.I. LanderJew
State LandsKaufmannJew
Works (Labor)V. SchmidtJew
Social ReliefE. Lilina (Knigissen)Jew
EducationA. LunacharskyRussian
ReligionSpitzbergJew
InteriorApfelbaum (Radomyslski)Jew
"(Zinoviev)Jew
HygieneAnveltJew
FinanceI.E. Gukovs (and G. Sokolnikov)Jews
PressVoldarski (Goldstein)Jew
ElectionsM.S. UritskyJew
JusticeI.Z. ShteinbergJew
RefugeesFenigsteinJew
"Savitch (Assistant)Jew
"Zazslovski (Assistant)Jew

Out of these 22 "Sovnarkom" members, Wilton summed up, there were three Russians, one Georgian, one Armenian, and 17 Jews.

The Central Executive Committee, Wilton continues, was made up of the following members:

Y.M. Sverdlov (Solomon) (Chairman)Jew
Avanesov (Secretary)Armenian
BrunoLatvian
BreslauLatvian (?)
BabtchinskiJew
N.I. BikharinRussian
WeinbergJew
GailissJew
Ganzberg (Ganzburg)Jew
DanichevskiJew
StarckGerman
SachsJew
ScheinmannJew
ErdlingJew
LandauerJew
LinderJew
WolachCzech
S. DimanshteinJew
EncukidzeGeorgian
ErmannJew
A.A. IoffeJew
KarkhlineJew
KnigissenJew
Rosenfeld (Kamenev)Jew
Apfelbaum (Zinoviev)Jew
N. KrylenkoRussian
KrassikovJew
KaprikJew
KaoulLatvian
Ulyanov (Lenin)Russian
LatsisJew
LanderJew
LunacharskyRussian
PetersonLatvian
PetersLatvian
RoudzoutasJew
RosineJew
SmidovitchJew
StoutchkaLatvian
Nakhamkes (Steklov)Jew
SosnovskiJew
SkrytnikJew
L. Bronstein (Trotsky)Jew
TeodorovitchJew (?)
TerianArmenian
UritskyJew
TelechkineRussian
FeldmannJew
FrumkinJew
SouriupaUkranian
TchavtchevadzeGeorgian
ScheikmannJew
RosentalJew
AchkinaziImeretian (?)
KarakhaneKaraim (Karaite)
RoseJew
Sobelson (Radek)Jew
SchlichterJew
SchikoliniJew
ChklianskiJew
Levine (Pravdine)Jew

Thus, concluded Wilton, out of 61 members, five were Russians, six were Latvians, one was a German, two were Armenians, one was a Czech, one was an Imeretian, two were Georgians, one was a Karaim, one was Ukrainian, and 41 were Jews.

The Extraordinary Commission of Moscow (Cheka)--the Soviet secret police and predecessor of the GPU, the NKVD, and the KGB--was made up of the following:

F. Dzerzhinsky (Chairman)Pole
Y. Peters (Deputy Chairman)Latvian
ChklovskiJew
KheifissJew
ZeistineJew
RazmirovitchJew
KronbergJew
KhaikinaJew
KarlsonLatvian
SchaumannLatvian
LeontovitchJew
Jacob GoldineJew
GalpersteinJew
KniggisenJew
KatzisLatvian
SchillenkussJew
JansonLatvian
RivkineJew
AntonofRussian
DelafabreJew
TsitkineJew
RoskirovitchJew
G. Sverdlov*Jew
BiesenskiJew
J. Blumkin (Count Mirbach's assassin)Jew
Alexandrovitch (Blumkin's accomplice)Russian
I. ModelJew
RoutenbergJew
PinesJew
SachsJew
DaybolLatvian
SaissouneArmenian
DeylkenenLatvian
LiebertJew
VogelGerman
ZakissLatvian
* (Brother of the president of the Central Executive)

Of these 36 Cheka officals, one was a Pole, one a German, one an Armenian, two were Russians, eight were Latvians, and 23 were Jews. "Accordingly," Wilton sums up, "there is no reason to be surprised at the preponderant role of Jews in the assassination of the Imperial family. It is rather the opposite that would have been surprising."

Source: Pages 184-190, Appendix D, of Robert Wilton's "The Last Days of the Romanovs," 1993 edition by the Institute for Historical Review. The Institute and its Noontide Press can be reached at: P.O. Box 2739, Newport Beach, CA 92659. Noontide Press: 714-631-1490.